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This book presents an empirical study to develop and validate a
proficiency scale of business English writing in the Chinese
tertiary context. Through a mixture of intuitive, quantitative and
qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how a pool of
descriptors are collectively formulated, statistically calibrated
and meticulously validated for the establishment of a proficiency
scale of business English writing. The writing scale differs in
significant ways from the existing language scales, most of which
were constructed in English as L1 or L2 contexts and applied to
English for General Purposes (EGP) domains. This book also provides
important insights into the construct of business English writing
as well as the methods for English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
proficiency scale development and validation. It is of particular
interest to those who work in the area of ESP teaching and
assessment.
Under the Congressional Review Act, a covered agency regulation
takes effect as provided by law unless Congress disapproves the
rule with a joint resolution of disapproval. In contrast, the
Regulations from the Executive In Need of Security (REINS) Act
would generally require the enactment of a joint resolution of
approval before any major rule could take effect. This book
provides information on the types of major rules that may be
covered by the REINS Act, if enacted. Specifically, it identifies
how many major rules have been issued in recent years, and which
agencies have issued them along with identifying why certain rules
published during calendar year 2010 were considered to be major
rules under the CRA. (Imprint: Nova)
This book presents an empirical study to develop and validate a
proficiency scale of business English writing in the Chinese
tertiary context. Through a mixture of intuitive, quantitative and
qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how a pool of
descriptors are collectively formulated, statistically calibrated
and meticulously validated for the establishment of a proficiency
scale of business English writing. The writing scale differs in
significant ways from the existing language scales, most of which
were constructed in English as L1 or L2 contexts and applied to
English for General Purposes (EGP) domains. This book also provides
important insights into the construct of business English writing
as well as the methods for English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
proficiency scale development and validation. It is of particular
interest to those who work in the area of ESP teaching and
assessment.
This book has two goals, each related to the validity of language
assessment. The first goal is to explore the difference between
fairness and justice in language assessment. The authors
distinguish internal and external dimensions of the equitable and
just treatment of individuals taking language tests which are used
as gatekeeping devices to determine access to education and
employment, immigrant status, citizenship, and other rights. The
second goal is to show how the extent of test fairness can be
demonstrated and improved using the tools of psychometrics, in
particular the models collectively known as Rasch measurement.
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